If you’ve ever searched for ways to improve your spoken English, you’ve probably come across terms like accent reduction, accent modification, and pronunciation training. They sound similar, but each one carries a slightly different focus and attitude toward how we speak.

If you’ve ever researched ways to improve your pronunciation in your non-native language (or languages!), you might have come across the technique ‘shadowing’. In this post, I’ll summarise the key findings from a recent systematic review on shadowing, highlighting what the research tells us about its effectiveness for pronunciation, fluency and literacy skills.